Top Apa Term Papers Guide!

Top Apa Term Papers Guide! What Everybody Dislikes About Apa Term Papers and Why References The reference part of your paper will incorporate a list of every one of the sources that you used in your paper. Reference title shouldn't be bold. The aim of your title page is to permit the reader quickly understand what your paper is all about and who it was written by. Section headings within paper ought to be bold. Writers often have to use one out of several distinctive formats when writing a paper. The American Psychological Association, called the APA, is actually among the most well-known formats for academic writings, particularly in the scientific fields. Most commonly utilised in apa paraphrase. Citing the references in APA format is a difficult task. Utilizing APA references will allow you to compose a superb bibliography. If you would like to create a research paper, essay, paper or any sort of article, it would be most suitable for you to use the APA style. Although a literature review can be utilised in all the various academic styles readily available, the most frequent is APA style. The writing process in addition to the research will be a good deal easier and more convenient once you are using APA format. If you do scholarly research, you might have to reference sources from academic journals. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Apa Term Papers If you're thinking about how to create an APA citation of an internet page, the bulk of internet references utilize the structure shown below. The title, name and school name ought to be at the middle of the webpage and has to be double spaced. When it's too long, make it shorter, but put the entire name on the remainder of the pages. For the first cite, the complete name of the group has to be used. The Benefits of Apa Term Papers You may have a paper written for you using the format whilst following guidelines and instructions you might have. The ribbon is on top of the open document. Cite based on the instructions in the style guide you're using. While the written text may be a potent thing, images enable readers to rapidly grasp the concepts presented in the paper, especially in the scientific fields where a huge sum of numbers may be necessary in presenting data. Keep the abstract at the very top of the webpage, and it ought to be bold. Don't despair, you're at the proper location, at the most suitable time. Together with the UK Essay Help undergraduates cannot be worried about the time but delight in a complete life. Some students find it difficult to conduct primary or secondary research while some simply lack understanding of the subject. It is possible to easily depend on us to find essay help as we have a tendency to assist and guide the students with the assistance of our professional experts. As a result of affordable prices it makes things easier for students to acquire the academic help they require. The Key to Successful Apa Term Papers For this reason, you should get familiar with APA format guidelines if you're interested in a career in a social science field. The orientation page that is kept at the conclusion of the project provides the idea about the inclusive source whereas the credentials give a brief idea about the right time of pamphlet and instigator. You'll discover our payout procedure to be fast, friendly and secure, and our staff always eager to go the additional mile to satisfy your requirements. If you're taking a psychology class, it's very probable your instructor will request that you compose an APA paper sooner or later.

Juvenile Delinquency And How It Is Social Control Theory,...

Juvenile Delinquency and How it Relates to Social Control Theory, Labeling Perspective, Aggressiveness and Crime Pat Akers Howard Payne University Abstract This paper explores three topics (Social Control Theory, Labeling Perspective, Aggressiveness and Crime) and explores how they relate through Juvenile Delinquency. Social Control Theory is what occurs when young adults do not have a good foundational upbringing from their parents and as such, they will tend to stray into more deviant behaviors. With repeated deviant actions, these youth will become labeled in our society as deviants or outcasts. Through Social Control Theory and the labeling perspective these minors may feel like they have become trapped and could escalate in their actions, drug usage and crimes. Juvenile Delinquency and How it Relates to Social Control Theory, Labeling Perspective, Aggressiveness and Crime Several studies have been conducted on Juvenile Delinquency. We will be investigating how Juvenile Delinquency relates to Social Control Theory, Labeling Perspective, Aggressiveness and Crime. The first topic we will be looking at is Social Control Theory. Social Control Theory â€Å"According to social control theorists, all human beings are, by nature, rule breakers. The bonds that people have to society and its moral code are what keep them from breaking the law and remaining socially controlled,† (Levinthal, 2012). â€Å"When a juvenile is strongly bonded to his or her family, religiousShow MoreRelatedWhy People Commit The Crime Essay1538 Words   |  7 PagesCriminological theory is the explanation of criminal behavior, as well as the behavior of juveniles, attorneys, prosecutors, judges, correctional personnel, victims, and other actors in the criminal justice process. Criminological theory is important because most of what is done in criminal justice is based on criminological theory, whether we or the people who propose and implement policies based on the theory know it or not. In criminology, examining why people commit the crime is very importantRead MoreThe Labeling Theory For Juvenile Delinquency1577 Words   |  7 PagesThe Labeling Theory The labeling theory addresses deviants and puts concern on behaviors that other theories do not. Most theories are primarily concerned with why individuals commit more crime. Rather than analyzing the occurrence of crimes among social groups, the labeling theory challenge us to truly understand deviants and what it means to be categorized as a deviant individual. Unlike the control theories that assumes all of us must be held in check or â€Å"controlled† if we are to resist the temptationRead MoreContributing Factors to Juvenile Delinquency1620 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile delinquency, according to Agnew and Brezina, is the violation of the law by a minor which is any persons under the age of 18 in most states. There are many contributing factors to juvenile delinquency such as domestic issues or stress at school, and there are also four different theories, strain, social learning, control, and labeling, to explain the different prospective of why it is thought that juven iles commence in delinquent behavior. This particular discussion however, is going toRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : A Complex Social Phenomenon Of Criminal Behavior Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Given the range and significance of juvenile delinquency, the demand for understanding strategies has become apparent in order to combat a complex social phenomenon of criminal behavior in juveniles. The juvenile justice system is an intricate part of juvenile justice intertwining law enforcement, court and correctional agencies along with the community when dealing with juvenile delinquents. Thus, understanding delinquents and how they behave is crucial when considering the effectivenessRead MoreThe Concept Of Labeling Of Juvenile Delinquents By Members Of Their Society1733 Words   |  7 Pages5 DB 1 The Interactionist Approach We are beginning to see more than often, labeling of juvenile delinquents by members of their society. The term labeling theory explains how labeling tends to applied members of society, whether it is formally or informally, and the type of effect these labeling can have on juveniles and deterrence. Akers Sellers, (2009), Bernard, Snipes, Gerould, (2010), states that the labeling theorists assert that society creates deviance by creating laws, and they tendRead MoreLabeling Offenders Within The Criminal Justice1551 Words   |  7 Pagesparadigm that supports the use of labeling offenders within the criminal justice is cleverly, labeling theory. Mentioned lightly above, was the premise behind labeling theory. This theoretical paradigm is predominantly interesting in exploring labeling of offenders, due to the fact that it both targets the offenders, as well as the individuals who are placing labels or stigmatizing the offenders in the first place based off the perceived deviant ac tion. Labeling theory is truly prevalent, and is stillRead MoreGender Roles : The Juvenile Justice System1244 Words   |  5 PagesGender Roles in the Juvenile Justice System What role does gender play at the various stages of the juvenile justice system? Gender plays an enormous role in the juvenile justice system; both boys and girls have their fair share of run-ins with the Juvenile Justice System, but now more so than ever, females crime rates have increased. In some instances within the juvenile justice system, it may appear that boys and girls are comparable; however there are differences, even though they are subtle.Read MoreJuvenile Delinquency And Labeling Theory2511 Words   |  11 Pages Juvenile Delinquency and Labeling Theory Kallie Maglione St. John’s University CRM 119 Juvenile Delinquency Dr. Marquis R. White October 23, 2014 Bartusch, D. J., Matsueda, R. L. (1996). Gender, reflected appraisals, and labeling: A cross-group test of an interactionist theory of delinquency. Social Forces, 75(1), 145. Focuses mainly on interactionist theory but uses labeling theory as a type of interaction that affects delinquency. Labeling specifically in relation toRead MoreAbstract . The Labeling Theory Proposes That Once A Juvenile1582 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract The labeling theory proposes that once a juvenile has been labeled a deviant or delinquent they become stigmatized as a criminal, and begin to believe the label or accept it in a self-fulfilling prophecy. Because of these labels, many juveniles continue with their deviant acts because they feel obligated to act out in a negative manner. Sociologists Tannenbaum, Becker, Lement are more interested in the reaction to the crime, not the cause of the crime, and have theorized that once anRead MoreFice Of Juvenile Justice And Delinquency Prevention1617 Words   |  7 PagesThe federal government even formed an office called the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention that operates under United States department of Justice to attempt â€Å"by supporting states, local communities, and tribal jurisdictions in their efforts to develop and implement effective programs for juveniles†. (Howell, J. C., Wilson, J. J., Reno, J., Marcus, D., Leary, M. L.) The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention established a policy that enables communities officials

Child Discipline - 2495 Words

Forms of Discipline: What is best for the child? Children are like flowers, if well taken care of they will bloom. If ignored or tortured, they will wither and die. Child discipline is one of the most important elements of successful parenting. Today, many people have this notion that physical abuse is in no way a solution to helping children discern between right and wrong. Since generations children have been taught the art of discipline through physical punishment. Often this approach to disciplining has resulted in two outcomes, one is where the child becomes more tolerant and is willing to adhere to what he/she has been told, or the other which more often results in children developing a sense of anguish and desire to revolt.†¦show more content†¦Today, there is a common misconception that spanking is a form of child abuse. Some parents are actually afraid to discipline their own children using the same method used for their own upbringing. Who is correct in the notion of right and wrong discipline? Is there such a th ing as a correct way to spank your child? In my opinion, there is. So, my objective is to show that there is a fine line between the two terms Spanking and Child abuse. A Cambridge Dictionary states that Child Abuse occurs â€Å"when adults intentionally treat children in a cruel or violent way.† On the other hand, Spanking in the same dictionary means â€Å"to hit a child with the hand, usually several times on the bottom as a punishment.† In this way, the line between the two can be drawn where too much spanking results in bruises and scars on the child. Therefore, parents should not spank their children when they are angry themselves as the spank would turn out to be an unintentional smack. When this occurs, parents tend to accidently take out their frustration on the child. Primarily, this is when Spanking, a form of discipline, starts drifting towards the entire concept of ‘child abuse’. However, this misconception has led to many unwanted situations where parents have been sent to jail by their own children. In a generalShow MoreRelatedParental Discipline And Child Abuse1809 Words   |  8 Pagespunishments as a child most likely became more disciplined earlier than everyone else and most likely still is. To be clear, the intended definition of punishments to be used is a penalization for committing an act that would be considered unacceptable in the eyes of the parent i.e. swearing, fighting, being disrespectful, etc. This is also known as parental discipline. Although it may not seem like it there is a clear boundary separating parental discipline from child abuse. Parental discipline is intendedRead MorePhysical Discipline And Child Behavior Problems Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Physical Discipline and Child Behavior Problems: A study of Ethnic Group Differences† by Jodi Polaha, Robert E. Larzelere, Steven K. Sharpio and Gregory S. Petit is researching the relation between parental discipline and how it relates to the child’s behavior expression problems within different ethnic groups. They’re addressing how physical discipline in different ethnic groups can affect children’s way of expressing themselves in distinct ways. Previous research shows when a parent’s discipline is abusiveRead MorePosition Paper- Child Abuse and Discipline1181 Words   |  5 PagesPARENTAL DISCIPLINE AND ABUSE Parental discipline and child abuse are among the most controversial topics currently, and they cause serious problems for children in the United States. Child abuse essentially focuses on the child’s bad behaviors and gives the child emotional and physical harms. Forms of abuse include spanking, hitting, saying negative things and corporal punishment. In fact, parental discipline is a much more appropriate way of dealing with negative behavior than using abusiveRead MoreWhen Does Discipline Cross the Line to Child Abuse?1486 Words   |  6 PagesWhen Does Discipline Cross the Line to Child Abuse? In this report, I concentrated my research on the fine line between physical discipline and child abuse, with emphasis on spanking vs. not spanking and its effects on children. Included are research from statistics, opposing views and arguments, advocates’ and Department of Children and Families’ position. The use of corporal punishment, or spanking, as a form of parental discipline is a controversial topic. Adults who remember being spankingRead MoreChild Discipline Expository Writing1576 Words   |  7 PagesA Fine Line between Child Abuse and Discipline Child abuse is the physical injury of a child inflicted by a parent which ranges from superficial bruises, broken bones, burns, serious internal injuries and in some cases, death (Prevent Child Abuse America). Child abuse is a topic that causes rage in many discussions throughout the country because it is outrageous actions against innocent children. Many parents question whether discipline can become child abuse. Bell Hooks is an educated woman, feministRead MoreChildren Should Not Withhold Discipline From A Child845 Words   |  4 PagesDo not withhold discipline from a child; if you strike him with a rod, he will not die. If you strike him with the rod, you will save his soul from Sheol.Proverbs 23:13-14. Spanking children is used as a form of discipline if brought upon with a valid reason. Peoples opinions may very because everything has an extent it can be taken to expressly discipline. Disciplining children has been an widely controversial topic for many years as in the forms , the things used to discipline children, and theRead MoreShould Child Discipline On A Physical Level?1462 Words   |  6 PagesIs it illegal to slap or smack a child as a form of discipline? Should it be? With the changing of times questions are being raised whether or not smacking or slapping a child is right or wrong by todays standards, This essay is going to argue why child discipline on a physical level should not only been illegal but why the country as a whole needs to ban it. As of the current point in time there are currently no laws making slapping, smacking or striking a child â€Å"illegal†. The only law that isRead MoreChild Discipline3229 Words   |  13 PagesAnton Shusterman June 4th, 2011 Child Discipline The most important thing in a child’s life is how his parents treat him. His future and the potential for growth and success are determined by the type of childhood that a person experiences. Sometimes parents don’t understand how important it is to treat their children well. Parents don’t think about the words that they say to their children or the actions that they take around them. Some parents think their children are too small and they willRead MoreChild Abuse And Child Discipline925 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween child abuse and child discipline. Abuse is any action that intentionally harms or injures another person. Discipline is punishment that is intended to correct or train. Some parents do not see the harm in their form of discipline, but others may view it as abuse. It may not be the parent’s intention to harm their child but it is something that occurs. â€Å"In 2012, state agencies found an estimate 686,000 of child maltreatment.† .*(*K ids Count) Every year more than 3 million reports of child abuseRead MoreIs Discipline A Child Abuse?969 Words   |  4 PagesIs Discipline Child Abuse? What does the word child abuse mean in your own words? Some people believe child abuse includes neglect, punishment, physical or emotional maltreatment. Child abuse is all over the world. Every day a child is either abused or neglected. Since the late 1900’s child abuse was commonly used in the United States (Gale). Now it is slowly coming to its ending point. Since 1992, only two states, Delaware and Oklahoma, have experienced consistent increases today. Is discipline

Understanding Oral Language and Literacy

Question: Discuss about the Understanding Oral Language and Literacy. Answer: Introduction: Language can be defined as a systematic form of words which is used by the people to express various types of thoughts and ideas to each other. In other words, we can say that language is a medium with the use of which one can easily communicate with each other and can share any type of information with each other. Language is a combination of words, and the method of using the words through different -different pronunciation techniques are also known as a language. By using the different type of languages orally various meaningful sounds are produced, which helps us to communicate with each other. There are various types of languages being used for the communication purpose on the globe (PDST, 2012). English is the national language of Australia and eighty five percent people of Australia speak only English. According to the Australian social trends 1999, more than one hundred and sixty languages are being spoken by the Australian people at their home. After the European settlement various languages such as Chinese, German, etc. are being spoken by the Australian people. According to a survey only one percent people are not able to speak English. A small percentage of the total population of the country who is not having good skills in English faces many difficulties in sectors like education, services, employment, etc. For decreasing these types of difficulties being faced by the people of the country, various programs have been introduced by the government of the country in schools and many other educational institutions (Centre for Public Education, 2012). According to a survey done in 1996, people above the age of five years spoke different- different languages other than the English at their own place. Italian was the one the common languages being used by the people of Australia. Two percent of the Australian people, of age more than five used to speak in Greek. Many other languages like Cantonese, Arabic, Vietnamese, German, Mandarin (b), Spanish, Maced onian, Tagalog, Croatian, Polish, Maltese, Turkish, Netherlandic etc. was being spoken by more than forty thousand people of Australia (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 1999). Multicultural City of the Australia is Sydney and in the Sydney a large number of people use different- different languages other than English. About sixty five percent of the people living in the Sydney are not English as their language to communicate with each other. Various researches being done from time to time, shows the importance of the language for the development of the brain of a child. When the children start communicating, they use the language consisting of both the words as well as signs. Childhood is the only stage when one can understand the basics of a language being used in the area, etc. they are living. At this age they easily seeks the orders, which helps them in understanding the various basic objects related to the language (Cherry, 2016). With the help of the language, childrens also came to know about the importance of sharing any type of information (JustLanded Team, 2016). This also helps them in deciding that what type of information they should share wit h others. With the help of the language they came to know about different- different words and sentences. This also helps them in making use of these words and sentences at right place on right time, while describing the meaning of the several words or we can say combination of several words in the day todays life. Use of various types of languages helps a child in describing its emotions, motions; aim, etc. clearly and easily. Children those who have good communication skills or in other words, children those who can make good use of their language can fetch more and more information related to any type of topic and on the other hand they can express it to others easily (Carter, 1997). This method will create a good interest among them for getting more and more useful information, which further supports in nourishing their knowledge skills. With the help of this, they will come to know that how to participate in each and every activity easily. Languages help in expanding the world of knowledge while observing various activities occurring around them. Knowledge about the language expands the understanding skills as well as it is responsible for creating a healthy development of a child(Achieve Inc, 2013). We know that as a child grows up, he/she starts using various types of words and gestures for expressing several views and making several comments on any type of topic. Taking about routine topics with the children helps in modifying their language skills and it will also introduce new words to them. Language has different effects on its development depending on the age of the children (Australian Government, 2016). In the early years in the school, the child starts listening new and using new words and sentences while the time of communicating and working with others. The method, by which the language is used by a child, creates an image of that child in front of the people with whom he/she is communicating. Social development of a child is directly related to the language which he/she is using for their communication purpose (N. Mather, 2001). If a child is not able to communicate well with others, then this will create a problem for him/her in giving their views or in sharing any type of information with their parents, teachers, friends and any other relatives in the society. Various issues related to the language can affect the learning skills of that child, which leads to slow down the development process of the child. Issues related to the language are responsible for affecting the emotional and psychosocial development of the child. The various causes created due to these issues, decrease s the working potential of the child. According to a website working for the welfare of the children known as Stop Child Abuse Now (SCAN) a child must have good language skills so that, he/she can easily communicate with others and can easily represent the various views in their mind in front of others. According to the various surveys done by the Stop Child Abuse Now (SCAN) shows that, if a child is not able to express himself or herself in front of others or he/she faces any difficulty in expressing themselves to others, then it is nearly not to be possible for him to understand their own feeling or any type of thought in their mind. According to this society or website, the only way to keep the children far away from these types of issues is to develop their language skills, because depending upon their facts this is the only way for the welfare of the children. World Health organisation (WHO) reports tell us that the first three years are the most important years of the child li fe for the development of his/her brain (Bruer, 1999). According to the world health organisation, the overall development of the brain of a child is mainly dependent on the development of language skills. Several reports of the organisation show that, a child faces several problems in his/her lifetime if and only if he/she has a lack of language skills in his/her staring years. The organisation also describes various facts like if a child a greater language development issues, then surely he/she will take to develop their skills socially, because development at the early stage of life helps in developin good social relations by working with full potential (Benitez, 2016). As we know, that the language plays an important role in everybodys life and is very important for the successful completion of any type of task or work. For the development of these types of skills, various steps should be followed or we can say following those steps is very necessary. Nowadays, most of the children want to nourish their language skills depending upon the schedules made by themselves, but in actual for a good development he/she needs to take advises from the professionals, their parents, people senior to them, etc. The advises of their parents, people elder to them or of the professionals will help them a lot in developing their language skills by knowing the use of several new words, signs and gestures (Brannagan, 2015). If a child is facing any type of problem regarding to his/her language, then he/she should say to their parents, etc. and parents, needs to take some immediate action for resolving several issues being faced by their child. Sharing these type issue s with the elders will help the child in getting an appropriate solution regarding to their problem, because the several efforts made by their elders will help them in getting appropriate resources as their solution on time without wasting much time and making delays which are responsible for increasing those such issues. While communicating with others the words, signs, gestures, etc. used by a child shows his/her actual image. The use of these signs, gestures and the words tells about that what is going in the mind of the child and creates an image in front of the other person with whom he/she is communicating or sharing any type of information. Another method of sharing any type of information with others is by using signs or by using the method of writing. Each and every child has his/her own strength of learning and developing language skills. Depending upon their strengths children use to do several experiments using different methods of the language. The future of a child mai nly depends on the development made during the early stage of the life. Different- different languages are used for differently abled children. The children those who are deaf, i.e. those who are not able to hear or can only hear a small part of the complete conversation being done around them are being trained in the sign language. Special educators help those children in making them trained for the use of sign language so that, they can also communicate with others and can express their feeling in front of others easily (Deaf Children Australia, 2014). Australia has a large number of policies introduced by the government of the country for the development of language among the children. In Australia, a large number of children are at risk related to their language development. The government makes several changes to the existing policies and it also introduces several new policies for the welfare process of the children of the Australia. As we know that language is one of the most important aspects for the development of several skills in a child (Melhuish, 2016). With the help and the use of the language a child can easily communicate with others, can express his/her feelings and emotions in front of others. If a child is able to communicate well, then only he/she will be able to actively participate in various activities being performed around them in the societies in which they are living, while expressing their views on several topics taken into consideration. If a child will actively participate in several activities then only his/her skills of solving problems can get improved. Having knowledge about the various languages being used by the people around us helps us in communicating with them easily. It also helps in learning several things happening around us, in understanding the several views made by others. Inventing new-new things and introducing those new invented things and ideas in front of others is only possible if one has a good hold on his/her language. Therefore, we can say about becoming a well-educated and literate one should firstly make his language skills, good so that, he/she can enjoy his/her language while making use of their language in several places for the betterment of their lives (Williams Jacobs, 2009). References Achieve Inc. (2013, March 16). Understanding the Skills in the Common Core State Standards. Retrieved from https://www.achieve.org/: https://www.achieve.org/files/Understanding-Skills-CCSS-Appendix-C-ELA-Literacy.pdf Australian Bureau of Statistics. (1999, June 24). Population Composition: Languages spoken in Australia. Australian Social Trends. Retrieved from https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/2f762f95845417aeca25706c00834efa/d67b7c95e0e8a733ca2570ec001117a2!OpenDocument Australian Government. (2016, February 01). Language development: an amazing journey. Language development: an amazing journey. Retrieved from https://raisingchildren.net.au/articles/language_development.html Benitez, J. (2016). The Effect of Language Development on Social Development. The Effect of Language Development on Social Development. Retrieved from https://oureverydaylife.com/effect-language-development-social-development-16565.html Brannagan, M. (2015, January 27). Why Language Development is Important to a Child. Why Language Development is Important to a Child. Retrieved from https://www.livestrong.com/article/174703-why-is-language-development-important-to-a-child/ Bruer, J. T. (1999). The Myth of the First Three Years. In J. T. Bruer, A New Understanding of Early Brain Development and Lifelong Learning . The New York Times Company. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/bruer-myth.html Carter, A. S. (1997, August). The Importance of Early Language for Learning. The Importance of Early Language for Learning. Retrieved from https://www.talkingpage.org/artic002.html Centre for Public Education. (2012, May). The United States of education: The changing demographics of the United States and their schools. (N. S. Association, Editor) Retrieved from Centerforpubliceducation.org: https://www.centerforpubliceducation.org/You-May-Also-Be-Interested-In-landing-page-level/Organizing-a-School-YMABI/The-United-States-of-education-The-changing-demographics-of-the-United-States-and-their-schools.html Cherry, K. (2016, April 24). An Overview of Early Childhood Development. (H. c. Standard, Editor) Retrieved from https://www.verywell.com: https://www.verywell.com/early-childhood-development-an-overview-2795077 Deaf Children Australia. (2014). Language Development and Deaf Children. Retrieved from https://deafchildrenaustralia.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Language-Development-and-Deaf-Children-2012-v2-1.pdf JustLanded Team. (2016). Languages spoken in Australia. Languages spoken in Australia. Retrieved from https://www.justlanded.com/english/Australia/Australia-Guide/Language/Language Melhuish, E. (2016, march 08). Parents have the biggest influence over their childs language and emotional development. Parents have the biggest influence over their childs language and emotional development. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/parents-have-the-biggest-influence-over-their-childs-language-and-emotional-development-55823 Mather, S. G. (2001, May 25). Thinking with Language, Images, and Strategies. (WTA, Ed.) https://www.ldonline.org/, https://ldonline.learningstore.org/products/WE1100.html, pp. 271-277. Retrieved from https://www.ldonline.org/article/6383 PDST. (2012). Five Components of Effective Oral Language Instruction. Dublin: PDST. Retrieved from https://www.pdst.ie/sites/default/files/Oral%20Language%20Booklet%20PDF.pdf Williams, C., Jacobs, A. (2009, September). The impact of otitis media on cognitive and educational outcomes. The Medical Journal of Australia, 191(9). Retrieved from https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2009/191/9/impact-otitis-media-cognitive-and-educational-outcomes.